Germany
Germany (
i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] (
listen)),[4] is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire.[5] During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since.[6] Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
Germany was a founding member of the European Community in 1957, which became the EU in 1993. It is part of the Schengen Area and since 1999 a member of the eurozone. Germany is a Great Power and member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, the OECD and the Council of Europe, and took a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2011–2012 term.
It has the world's fourth largest economy by nominal GDP and the fifth largest by purchasing power parity. It is the second largest exporter and third largest importer of goods. The country has developed a very high standard of living and a comprehensive system of social security. Germany has been the home of many influential scientists and inventors, and is known for its cultural and political history.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the country. For other uses of terms redirecting here, see Germany (disambiguation) and Deutschland (disambiguation).
| Federal Republic of Germany
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
Anthem:  The third stanza of Das Lied der Deutschen The Song of the Germans | ||||||
![Location of Germany (dark green)– in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green) — [Legend]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EU-Germany.svg)
Location of Germany (dark green)
| ||||||
| Capital (and largest city) | Berlin 52°31′N 13°23′E / 52.517°N 13.383°E | |||||
| Official language(s) | German[1] | |||||
| Ethnic groups | Germans 87.5%, Other European 6.5%, Turks 2.1%, Africans 2%, Asians 1%, Other 1% | |||||
| Demonym | German | |||||
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Joachim Gauck | ||||
| - | Chancellor | Angela Merkel | ||||
| - | President of the Bundestag | Norbert Lammert | ||||
| - | President of the Bundesrat | Horst Seehofer | ||||
| Legislature | ||||||
| - | Upper house | Bundesrat | ||||
| - | Lower house | Bundestag | ||||
| Formation | ||||||
| - | Holy Roman Empire | 2 February 962 | ||||
| - | Unification | 18 January 1871 | ||||
| - | Federal Republic | 23 May 1949 | ||||
| - | Reunification | 3 October 1990 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 357,021 km2 (63rd) 137,847 sq mi | ||||
| - | Water (%) | 2.416 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2010 estimate | 81,799,600[1] (16th) | ||||
| - | Density | 229/km2 (55th) 593/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $3.099 trillion[2] (5th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $37,896[2] (18th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $3.577 trillion[2] (4th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $43,741[2] | ||||
| Gini (2006) | 27 (low) | |||||
| HDI (2011) |  0.905[3] (very high) (9th) | |||||
| Currency | Euro (€)[2](2002 – present) Swiss franc (de facto in Büsingen) ( EUR, CHF) | |||||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | DE | |||||
| Internet TLD | .de [3] | |||||
| Calling code | 49 | |||||
| 1 | ^ Danish, Low German, Sorbian, Romany and Frisian are officially recognised by the ECRML. | |||||
| 2 | ^ Before 2002: Deutsche Mark (DEM). | |||||
| 3 | ^ Also .eu, shared with European Union member states. | |||||
i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)),[4] is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire.[5] During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since.[6] Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
Germany was a founding member of the European Community in 1957, which became the EU in 1993. It is part of the Schengen Area and since 1999 a member of the eurozone. Germany is a Great Power and member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, the OECD and the Council of Europe, and took a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2011–2012 term.
It has the world's fourth largest economy by nominal GDP and the fifth largest by purchasing power parity. It is the second largest exporter and third largest importer of goods. The country has developed a very high standard of living and a comprehensive system of social security. Germany has been the home of many influential scientists and inventors, and is known for its cultural and political history.
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